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Sawm (fasting) is one of the five pillars of Islam. Who must fast, what breaks the fast, fidyah and kaffarah, sunnah fasts, etiquette, duas, and health tips — all in one place.
Fasting is the third pillar of Islam. Allah says: "O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon those before you that you may become righteous." (Quran 2:183)
Fasting in Ramadan is obligatory (fard) on every Muslim who meets the following conditions:
Signs of puberty: nocturnal emission (wet dream), reaching age 15, or other physical signs of maturity.
The following individuals are exempt from fasting, but their obligations differ:
Essential knowledge for every fasting person — actions that invalidate the fast and those that do not.
What to do when fasts are missed or intentionally broken.
Days on which the Prophet (peace be upon him) fasted or encouraged fasting outside of Ramadan.
Follow these manners to earn the full reward of your fast.
Eating suhoor is sunnah and a blessed meal. Delay it as close to Fajr as possible.
Break the fast as soon as the sun sets. Breaking with dates and water is sunnah. "The people will remain in goodness as long as they hasten to break the fast." (Bukhari)
Ramadan is the month of the Quran. Recite daily and aim to complete at least one full reading (khatm).
"Whoever does not give up false speech and acting upon it, Allah has no need of his giving up food and drink." (Bukhari)
The Prophet (peace be upon him) was most generous in Ramadan — "more generous than the blowing wind" (Bukhari & Muslim).
The time of iftar is a special moment for accepted dua. "Three supplications are never rejected: the fasting person, the just ruler, and the oppressed." (Tirmidhi)
Praying Taraweeh in Ramadan is a confirmed sunnah. "Whoever stands in prayer during Ramadan out of faith and seeking reward, their previous sins are forgiven." (Bukhari)
Niyyah (intention), iftar dua, and suhoor dua — with Arabic, transliteration, and English translation.
نَوَيْتُ أَنْ أَصُومَ غَدًا مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ الْمُبَارَكِ فَرْضًا لَكَ يَا اللَّهُ فَتَقَبَّلْ مِنِّي إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ
Nawaitu an asuma ghadan min shahri ramadanal mubaraki fardan laka ya Allahu fataqabbal minni innaka antas sami'ul 'alim
I intend to fast tomorrow as an obligatory fast of the blessed month of Ramadan for Your sake, O Allah. Accept it from me. Indeed, You are the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing.
ذَهَبَ الظَّمَأُ وَابْتَلَّتِ الْعُرُوقُ وَثَبَتَ الْأَجْرُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ
Dhahaba adh-dhama'u wab-tallatil 'uruqu wa thabatal ajru in sha Allah
The thirst has gone, the veins are moistened, and the reward is confirmed, if Allah wills. (Abu Dawud)
اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي لَكَ صُمْتُ وَبِكَ آمَنْتُ وَعَلَى رِزْقِكَ أَفْطَرْتُ
Allahumma inni laka sumtu wa bika amantu wa 'ala rizqika aftartu
O Allah, I fasted for You, I believe in You, and I break my fast with Your provision.
Important health advice to stay well and energized while fasting.